Bullet Trains (sometimes called maglev trains) are known for being able to travel up to very high speeds and cover long distances in short amounts of time and are common in places like Japan and Europe. They don't use normal railroad tracks, instead they use tracks that have a magnetic field and electrical current built into them. These trains use magnetic levitation to no make contact with the rails so there's no rolling resistance which is the main reason why these trains can get to such high speeds.
Magnetic levitation (maglev) requires three major components:
- Large electrical power source
- Metal coils lining the track
- Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train
The tracks themselves...
Magnetized coils run along the entire length of the track and repel large magnets underneath the train allowing it to levitate between 0.39in and 3.93in (1 to 10cm). Once the train is off the rails power is supplied to the coils to create a magnetic field that changes from a pull to a push in order to move the train down the track. With having to not worry about friction and only about drag, the estimated top speed excesses 310mph (500kph). Developers say that these maglev trains could link cities that are up to 1,000 miles apart.
Article: https://www.quora.com/How-do-magnetic-levitation-trains-work
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